Tomophagus colossus的担子果(人工栽培)。来源:Tomophagus cattienensis sp. nov., a new Ganodermataceae species from Vietnam: evidence from morphology and ITS DNA barcodesTomophagus colossus的担孢子。来源:Studies in Neotropical Polypores 2: A Preliminary Key to Neotropical Species of Ganoderma with a Laccate Pileus巨大松芝Tomophgus colossus (Fr.) Murrill 1905 异名: Dendrophagus colossus (Fr.) Murrill 1905 Ganoderma colossus (Fr.) C.F. Baker 1918 Polyporus colossus Fr. 1851 Polyporus hollandii Massee 1901 Thermophymatospora fibuligera Udagawa 1986
子实体一年生,无柄,干后质量损失显著。菌盖单生,扇形。菌盖表面幼时黄色,后变为黄褐色,老后变暗,起初具不明显的绒毛后迅速形成薄而具漆状光泽的外壳。菌肉奶油色至浅黄色,软,纤维多孔状,不具暗线,同质。菌孔面新鲜时奶油色,老后或干后变暗至浅褐色并失去漆状光泽;管壁薄,全缘;菌孔圆形至角形,较大;菌管浅肉桂褐色。 分布:分布于越南、菲律宾等东南亚地区,印度、斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦等南亚地区,埃及等北非地区和哥斯达黎加、巴西、墨西哥等新热带地区。美国东南部、也门、阿曼、伊朗有相关报道,南非、中非地区亦有报道分布。中国可能没有分布 生态:生于榕属等阔叶林腐木桩上,可能有很广泛的寄主范围。 营养类型:寄生Parasitic、腐生Saprotrophic 讨论:本种是个罕见种,但分布范围很广,也是个泛热带种。曾被置于灵芝属中,但因其不具平截的担孢子以及其菌肉颜色较浅、质地较软的特征与灵芝属物种区分开来(笔者个人认为:这种分类依据仍然难以与灵芝属部分物种进行区分,并且松芝属物种的担孢子为典型的灵芝状,可能需要结合分子数据才能区分开来两者)。 相似物种:与灵芝属物种较为相似,同具漆状光泽的菌盖和灵芝状担孢子的形态特征,但本种菌肉颜色较浅、质地较软(笔者个人认为:这种分类依据仍然难以与灵芝属部分物种进行区分,并且松芝属物种的担孢子为典型的灵芝状,可能需要结合分子数据才能区分开来两者)。 描述:
Basidiocarps annual, sessile, up to 50 X 25 X 12 cm, very light in weight when dried; upper surface of pileus finely tomentose at first but quickly developing a thin, laccate crust that is easily dented with a fingernail, first yellow, then yellowish brown or eventually blackening with age; pore surface cream colored when fresh, darkening to a dull pale brown on age or drying, the pores angular to rounded, 2- 4 per mm, with thick, entire dissepiments; tube layer pale vinaceous brown, also soft, up to 2 cm thick, context cream colored to pale buff, soft, fibrous-spongy, azonate, homogeneous, up to 10 cm thick. Hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae obscure, thin-walled, with clamps 2.5-4 μm diam; skeletal hyphae apically arboriform thick-walled, hyaline, weakly dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent, 2-6 μm diam. Cuticle cells clavate, often with an apical crown of crystals, 75 X 7.5-12 μm. Basidia almost spherical with a short narrowed base, apparently 4-sterigmate, 20-30 X 13- 17 μm. Basidiospores ellipsoid, with a rounded or truncate apex and an apical germ pore, pale brown in KOH, negative in Melzer's reagent, 15-19 x 10.5- 12.5 μm. Chlamydospores scattered through context, rare in the trama, reddish brown in KOH, negative in Melzer's reagent, spherical, thick-walled, with a coarse reticulate surface ornamentation and blunt, cylindric projections up to 4 μm long and 2 μm wide, main body of spore 18-23 μm diam.
Remarks. This is a very distinctive species in Ganoderma with the yellow, laccate pilear surface, pale context with slightly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, large basidiospores, and the striking chlamydospores providing a unique combination of characters. The species is the type of Tomophagus Murrill