3.山东灵芝 新种 图3
Ganoderma shandongense Zhao et Xu sp.nov. Fig.3
Haec species facile dignoscitur pileo ungulato, eloagato,stipite et sporis magnioribus. Similis speciei ignotae. Sporophorum annuum vel perenne, stipitatum, suberoso-lignosum, Pileus ungulatus, mu-lto concentricis sulcis, superficie rubro-brunneus vel flavido-brunneus, 2.5 x 1.8cm, usquead 2.5cm crassus; margine leviter involuto. Contextus pallide albus, 2-2.1cm crassus. Tubuli brunneoli, 2.5-3mm longi. Pagina pororum alba vel subflavido-albida; pori suborbiculares,marginibus dissepimentorum integris,4-5per mm.. Stipes rubro-laceatus, dorsali-lateralis, fl-exuosus,0.7-1cm latus, usque ad 10cm longus, in partibus complanatus, concolore pileo,interdum profunde laccatus.
System hypharum trimiticum; hyphae generatoriae hyalinae, 4-5μm diam.; hyphae skel-etales parum coloratac, 5-6μm diam.; hyphae ligantes incoloratac,ramosac, 2-3μm diam.sporae brunneae, ellipsoideo-ovoideae, truncatae, bitunicatae, episporis hyalinis, endosporis ec-hinulatis conspicue,14-15 x 9.5-10μm.
Ad lignum cariosum in terra
Shandongen,Chang-quing Xian,V 1982,Du Xiian-ping no. 153(HMAS 47613, Typus)。
子实体一年生或多年生，有柄，木栓质到木质。菌盖马蹄形，多同心轮沟，表面红褐色或淡黄褐色，2.5x1.8cm，厚达2.5cm;边缘稍内卷。肉白色，厚2-2.1cm。菌管淡褐色。孔面白色或近淡黄白色;管口近圆形,边缘完整,平均每毫米 4-5个。菌柄具有红色似漆样光泽,背侧生,弯曲,粗0.7-1cm，长达 10cm,有的部分扁平,与菌盖同色,有时具较浓地似漆样光泽。菌丝系统三体型;生殖菌丝透明,直径4-5μm;骨架菌丝色淡,直径5-6μm;缠绕菌丝无色,分枝,直径2-3μm。孢子褐色,椭圆形到卵圆形,顶端平截,双壁，外壁透明，内壁具显著小刺，14-15x9.5-10μm。生于埋藏在地下腐木上。
山东省,长清县,1982,5,11,杜宪平 no:153(HMAS 47613，模式)。
本种的特点是菌盖马蹄形,具长柄,孢子较大，这在华北是初次采到。这种小菌盖种类多发生于华南,特别在海南岛比较多见。尚未见与其相似种类。
Description: Basidiomata annual, laterally stipitate, corky. Pilei solitary, flabelliform to shell-shaped, applanate, up to 6.5 cm diam and 2.5 mm thick. Pileal surface pale yellow to reddish brown, slightly laccate, glabrous, with concentric furrows and radial wrinkles; margin obtuse, entire. Pore surface near white when fresh; pores circular, 3–5 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Context cream to pale wood brown, without dark melanoid lines, soft corky, up to 6 mm thick. Tubes cream, up to 4.3 mm long. Stipe purplish-red, slightly laccate, cylindrical and solid, slightly swollen at base, up to 5.6 cm long and 1.2 cm diam. Hyphal system trimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections, all hyphae IKI –, CB +; tissues slightly darkening in KOH. Generative hyphae in context colourless, thin-walled, 2–4 μm diam; skeletal hyphae in context near colourless to pale yellow, with narrow lumen or sub-solid, arboriform and flexuous, 2–5 μm diam; binding hyphae in context colourless, thick-walled, branched and flexuous, 1–2 diam. Generative hyphae in tubes colourless, thin-walled, 3–4 μm diam; skeletal hyphae in tubes near colourless, almost sub-solid, arboriform and flexuous, 2–4 μm diam; binding hyphae in tubes colourless, thick-walled, branched and flexuous, up to 1.5 μm diam. Pileipellis composed of clamped generative hyphae, thick-walled, apical cells clavate, inflated and flexuous, pale yellowish brown, about 37–45 × 5–9 μm, forming a regular palisade. Cystidia and cystidioles absent. Basidia barrel-shaped to clavate, colourless, thin-walled, 13–19 × 10–18 μm; basidioles in shape like the basidia, colourless, thin-walled, 12–16 × 8–10 μm. Basidiospores ellipsoid to ovoid, truncated, pale yellowish brown, IKI –, CB +, double-walled with distinctly thick walls, exospore wall uneven or foveolate, endospore wall with solid spinules, (11.9–)12–13.2(–13.3) × (7.8–) 8–9(–9.2) μm, L = 12.66 μm, W = 8.42 μm, Q = 1.49–1.52 (n = 60/2, with the turgid vesicular appendix included).
Notes: Sinoganoderma shandongense was firstly described by Zhao & Zhang (1986a) as Ganoderma shandongense. It has typical ganodermoid morphology, but Si. shandongense formed an independent lineage in the phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1). It is worth mentioning that the sequences of two specimens (xsd08032 and xsd08085) uploaded into GenBank as G. ramosissimum are identical with Si. shandongense based on phylogenetic results in this study, and therefore the name of the two specimens (xsd08032 and xsd08085) needs to change to Si. shandongense.
